The Purpose of Schooling and the Role of School Leaders

Very soon, the schools in Australia will appreciate the opportunity of overseeing themselves as in they will get the chance to settle on their own choices. This will be in organization and the Australian bureaucratic Labor government intensely backs all this.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Purpose of Schooling and the Role of School Leaders explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This came to fruition after a great deal of console from the National instruction plan that pushed for the significant changes in schools. Each school will hold its own command to build up its own gatherings and even devolution of assets inside the establishment and think of approaches to tackle declining execution in certain understudies and lift the exhibition of others. The issue of freeing the school organization and letting them oversee themselves is as yet a subject of conversation and overwhelming discussion. There is a contention that, as much as the administra tion appears to have totally expelled itself from the ordinary running of the schools it despite everything has a significant task to carry out in them. For instance, the administration despite everything has a job in making a few activities and changes for schools yet the organization has been separated to veil the whole issue. The administration in many schools will in any case build up their own limitations and limits that the school should deal with on the off chance that they need ceaseless progression of assets from the legislature. Schools don't generally require including themselves in the job of dynamic, as they ought to contemplate more the exhibition of the understudy instead of the opposition among its industry and even appearance of reserve as a rule. The guardians likewise have a section to play in guaranteeing that the schools have a true touch. The educators in the Capita domain found the school-based model in 1967 in Australia so as to counter the bureaucratic model . This type of model has urged the schools to be increasingly open and remember the guardians for the network in dynamic. The job can either be to offer ability guidance or even contribute thoughts and help build up something in the school. Including the networks from around and helping structure organization will go far in helping correspondence of individuals. This will thus help certainty among the understudies and the individuals of the network and in the long run structure the premise of trust, which is fundamental in moving in the direction of specific objectives and in any event, thinking of thorough designs for the school’s powerful management.Advertising Looking for article on training? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The structure and running of school’s vary and subsequently the key designs for the different schools are diverse in light of the fact that the understudies, educators and the staff ever ywhere are not the equivalent in all schools. The vital arrangement ought to mirror the uniqueness and decent variety of the understudies, staff and instructors, as it should take a gander at the qualities and capacities of the partners of this specific establishment. The Australian Federal Labor Government can put forth attempts to enable the schools just if the schools favor to cling to a set plan by the administration and the administration keeps the schools at their mercy by controlling their assets depending to how well they can cling to the effectively set strategies. The normalized position set by the legislature might be unavoidable as we in some cases find that instructors spread a specific prospectus rapidly and preclude other essential point that could be helpful to the understudy all for the sake of clinging to the standards and approaches. This paper on The Purpose of Schooling and the Role of School Leaders was composed and put together by client Lexi House to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

SOR Theory Related to Store Image and Emotions of Consumers

Question : Talk about the Examine S-O-R Theory ? Answer : Presentation Sales rep or deals partner is a solid element that impacts buyers choice procedure. This paper looks at the ideas and speculations identified with deals partner and the design retailing industry in Singapore. This paper intends to analyze S-O-R hypothesis identified with store picture and feelings of customers. The motivation behind this examination is to explore a few parts of deals partner, for example, conduct, appearance and dress that influence buying behaviour(Sellerberg Leppanen, 2014). The store picture and capacity for building dependability profoundly relies upon the properties of deals partner. Garments is a huge piece of the business partners appearance as it assumes a basic job in deciphering implications like state of mind, character and mentality. Thusly, this paper recognizes the manners by which deals partners appearance impacts buyer buy behaviour(Yeung Ang, 2015). This writing audit depends on past investigations and writing. The S-O-R structure is looked into in the wake of building a theoretical system of sales rep appearance signals in the retail condition. A business partner or salesman is a person who pushes the clients in picking things for the clients to purchase(Sellerberg Leppanen, 2014). Buy goal can be characterized as the readiness of a person to buy a specific item or service.It was contended that the buyers structure an impression of the business colleague in the beginning periods of correspondence or interaction.The deals aides offer customized support that impacts the shoppers perception(Cervellon Coudriet, 2013).The buyers want to purchase items from a store where the physical appearance of deals partners is good.The deals achievement or buy aim of a client relies upon the distinctive character types.Several specialists show enthusiasm for the retail situations utilizing the S-O-R system. Deals Associate in Fashion Retailing A business partner or sales rep is a person who helps the clients in picking things for the clients to buy. In style and apparel industry, the business partner assume a pivotal job in changing over want of the clients into sales(Choi, Lee, Hwang, 2014). They observe the duty to guarantee significant level of consumer loyalty by giving fantastic client service(Sellerberg Leppanen, 2014). Further, the business partner surveys client needs and give data about the attire or other popular things as required assistance(Sachdeva Goel, 2015). The business partners invite clients by welcome them and noting their inquiries. As the clients have questions with respect to value, material highlights and particulars while buying things, the business partner must have the option to immediately resolve their inquiries and complaints(Kim Kim, 2014). Attire as a Nonverbal Communication Cue Zarley Watson and Yan (2013) contend that nonverbal correspondence impacts a clients conduct. Nonverbal correspondence is characterized as sending and getting messages without utilizing words. The mental examinations led during the 1960s explored the impact of garments on relational conduct (Sellerberg Leppanen, 2014). A few scientists investigated the impacts of apparel and appearance on social communication. It is contended that in vogue dress has more noteworthy effect on shoppers than the unfashionable attire (Malik, 2015). It was additionally contended that business right hand wearing appealing garments had more positive associations with the customers than the ones wearing obsolete apparel (Sellerberg Leppanen, 2014). The individual attributes were seen as the business associates wearing easygoing, preservationist, dressy or brave styles (Das, 2014). As per an examination directed by Mafini and Dhurup (2014) in South Africas attire industry, it was dissected that staffs are a significant impact for the buyer buying conduct. It was contended that the shoppers structure a view of the business aide in the beginning times of correspondence or interaction(Sellerberg Leppanen, 2014). The creator further contends that the correct connection between deals partner and customer must be set up in the first place with the goal that it is more clear clients desires in a superior way(Petersson McIntyre, 2013). Moreover, the customer fulfillment rate in the attire business is evoked by the sales rep as the feelings prompted improve the shopping experience coming about in purchase(Sellerberg Leppanen, 2014). Accordingly, the customers feelings should be controlled by the apparel deals partner as they can help improve the business approach by inspiring the right feelings and advancing buy fulfillment (Leathers, 2015). Figure 2: Influence of Sales Assistant Clothing on Purchase Behavior Source: Mafini and Dhurup (2014) As appeared in the above figure, female buyers have enthusiasm for design. This examination by Mafini and Dhurup (2014) spotlights and lays accentuation on female buyers as it were. The following significant part of the investigation is deals collaborator or partner. It is contended that the South Africas garments retailers have changed their picture significantly more than what was anticipated from them. The dress retailers, for example, Woolworths, Edgars, Truworths have put forth attempts to support in the market (Lunardo, Bressoles Durrieu, 2016). The business aides offer customized assistance that impacts the buyers recognition. The creators Mafini and Dhurup (2014) contend that the business associates physical appearance influences clients observation. The business aides are decided on their physical appearance as they have certain effect on buyers emotions(Chan, Cheung, Lee, 2017). The positive effect on feelings may prompt buying decision(Sellerberg Leppanen, 2014). As per an examination directed by Lunardo, Bressoles and Durrieu (2016), the way store workers spruce up or show up socially impacts buy expectation. The examination considers a straightforward model where appearance is connected with articulation of social character. It was discovered that proper business wear of representatives were seen by the customers as traditionalist and expert (Lunardo, Bressoles Durrieu, 2016). It is contended that the appearance and attire draw in clients, yet in addition impacts the store picture. The buyers want to purchase items from a store where the physical appearance of deals collaborators is acceptable (Sellerberg Leppanen, 2014). Character Traits In the past investigations, it has been evaluated that there are academicians and specialists who mean to build up a drawn out connection between the purchasers and venders of style wear in Singapore. One of the key subjects that can be engaged in inquire about is relationship quality (Tabasum, Rabbani, Muhammad Asif, 2015). The researchers have begun to examine different components of progress and disappointment in connection among purchasers and venders. The business partners have been perceived for their constrained job in building long haul relationship with their clients (Lunardo, Bressoles Durrieu, 2016). Relationship directors are the sales reps being engaged with relationship showcasing. Client situated practices help in upgrading durable conduct among purchasers and venders. In this way, it is important to select the correct deals partner for building long haul relationship for the organizations (Hall, Ahearne, Sujan, 2015). It is contended that singular character qualities are essential in affecting purchaser dealer relationship(Chan, Cheung, Lee, 2017). The character of the business partner helps in building connections while making successive arrangements on amount, value, conveyance, amount and item details (Lunardo, Bressoles Durrieu, 2016). In this way, the writing shows a connection among character and buying conduct. The primary inquiry emerging from this examination is-which character qualities significantly affect purchaser merchant relationships(Tabasum, Rabbani, Muhammad Asif, 2015)? Moreover, the writing proposes great client connections in which the business partner and clients communicate frequently (Mullins et al., 2014).. The business partner is urged to treat clients at their best. There are numerous methodologies for examining character and the most widely recognized technique is quality hypothesis (Tabasum, Rabbani, Muhammad Asif, 2015). As indicated by the quality hypothesis, it is contended that the salespersons characters influence their presentation. The business achievement or buy goal of a client relies upon the distinctive character types. As indicated by Miao and Wang (2016), there are character groupings that impact client buy expectation. The Big Five Framework contends that there are contrasts between people that can be arranged into extraversion, appropriateness, principles, transparency and genuinely steady (Lunardo, Bressoles Durrieu, 2016). It is contended that the character qualities of these business partners are pivotal in affecting clie nt buy decision(Chan, Cheung, Lee, 2017). Despite the fact that the business partners utilize same degree of work, devices and penchant, not every one of them are effective. As per the confirmations accumulated from artistic sources, the characters of these business partner help in deciding achievement (Mullins et al., 2014). Subsequently, the above writing demonstrates that business partner character decidedly impacts client buy choice. Character attributes emphatically impacts client observation and impacts deals. S-O-R Model A few analysts show enthusiasm for the retail conditions utilizing the S-O-R system. The structure was created by Mehrabian and Russell's that depends on the relational word that the circumstance on conduct is affected and interceded by enthusiastic responses(Mazaheri, Laroche, Ueltschy, 2014). The enthusiastic responses are recognized as suggestive, emotional and feeling reactions that are changed into social reaction. The three b

Nursing and Theory

Speculations and models of nursing practice Dr. Sabah Abbas Ahmad College of Nursing college of Baghdad Sabah. [emailâ protected] com COMPETENCIES 1. Meanings of hypothesis, idea, model, recommendation. 2. Clarify the connections of ideas and suggestions to hypothesis 3. Examine the motivation behind hypothesis. 4. Clarify the USE OF speculations from different controls: . .5. Clarify the associated jobs of nursing work on, nursing hypothesis, and nursing research. .6. History and advancement of nursing hypothesis 7. Recognize m Common idea in nursing Theories. 8.Identify the three classes identifying with the extent of speculations. .. †Theories and models of nursing practice Introduction: Nursing hypothesis gives a viewpoint from which to characterize the what of nursing, to portray the who of nursing (who is the customer) and when nursing is required, and to distinguish the limits and objectives of nursing’s remedial exercises. Hypothesis is crucial to compelling nurs ing practice and research. The professionalization of nursing has been and is being achieved through the turn of events and utilization of nursing theory.The fundamental components that structure a nursing hypothesis are ideas and recommendations. In a hypothesis, recommendations speak to how ideas influence one another. An idea is the fundamental structure square of a hypothesis. Definitions †An idea : Is a vehicle of thought? As indicated by Chinn and Kramer (1995, p. 78), the alludes to a â€Å"complex mental plan of †¦ our Perceptions of a noticeable reality that term idea the world. † An idea names or names a wonder, can be seen through the faculties and explained.A idea helps us in defining a psychological picture about an article or circumstance. Ideas help us to name things and events in our general surroundings and help us in speaking with one another about the world. Freedom, self-care, and caring are only a couple of instances of ideas every now and again experienced in social insurance. Hypotheses are figured by connecting ideas together. - A theoretical system or Model: is a structure that joins worldwide ideas together and speaks to the brought together entire of a bigger reality.The particulars about wonders inside the worldwide entire are better clarified by hypothesis. By its tendency, an idea is a socially built mark that may speak to in excess of a solitary wonder. For instance, when you hear the word seat, a psychological picture that most likely strikes a chord is a thing of furniture utilized for sitting. The word seat could speak to a wide range of sorts of furniture for sitting, for example, a work area seat, a high seat, or an armchair . Remember that a similar idea might be utilized contrastingly in different theories.For model, one nursing hypothesis may utilize the idea of condition to mean every one of that encompasses an individual (the outer condition), while another hypothesis may utilize this idea to mean the o utside condition and all the natural and mental parts of the individual (the inside condition). †What Is a Proposition? A recommendation: (another basic component of a hypothesis) is an explanation that proposes a connection between ideas. A case of a nonnursing recommendation may be the announcement â€Å"people appear to be more joyful in the springtime. This recommendation builds up a connection between the idea of bliss and the season. A nursing propositional explanation connecting the idea of powerlessness and the idea of misfortune may be expressed as â€Å"multiple and quick misfortunes incline one to sentiments of vulnerability. † Propositional proclamations in a hypothesis speak to the theorist’s specific perspective on which ideas fit together and, in many speculations, set up how ideas influence each other. What Is a Theory? A hypothesis: is a lot of ideas and suggestions that give a systematic method to see phenomena.In the logical writing, Nursing hy pothesis is created to portray the wonder (procedure, event, or occasion) called nursing. Nursing hypothesis separates nursing from different orders and exercises that in that the reasons for portraying, clarifying, foreseeing, and controlling wanted result of nursing care rehearses. †â€Å"The motivation behind a hypothesis: in logical orders is to control research to improve the science by supporting existing information or creating new knowledge†. A hypothesis not just encourages us to sort out our musings and thoughts, yet it might likewise help direct us in what to do and when and how to do it.The utilization of the term hypothesis isn't limited to the logical world, nonetheless. It is regularly utilized in day by day life and discussion. For instance, when informing a companion concerning a secret novel you are perusing, you may have stated, â€Å"I have a hypothesis about who perpetrated the wrongdoing. † - USE OF hypotheses from different controls: notwith standing utilizing speculations explicitly developed to portray, clarify, and foresee the marvels of worry to nursing, the nursing calling has since quite a while ago utilized speculations from different orders. An order : is a field of study.Theories from natural, physical, and social sciences are regularly utilized in the act of nursing. For instance, nonnursing speculations, for example, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs, Erikson’s Theory of Human Development, and Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome have been and keep on being valuable in nursing practice. These nonnursing speculations are frequently consolidated into nursing practice together with explicit nursing hypotheses. ††Importance of nursing speculations ;in clinical work on: Nursing hypotheses give a system to thought where to look at situations.As new circumstances are experienced, this system gives a structure to association, investigation, and dynamic. What's more, nursing hypothe ses give a structure to speaking with different medical caretakers and with different individuals from the medicinal services group. Nursing hypotheses help the order of nursing in explaining convictions, qualities, and objectives, and they help to characterize the one of a kind commitment of nursing under the watchful eye of customers. At the point when the focal point of nursing’s commitment is clear, at that point more noteworthy expert self-rule and, at last, control of specific parts of training are achieved.In the broadest sense, nursing hypothesis is fundamental for the proceeded with advancement and development of the order of nursing. Since the universe of human services changes for all intents and purposes every day, nursing needs to keep on growing its information base to proactively react to changes in cultural requirements. Information for nursing practice is created through nursing research that, thus, is utilized to either test existing speculations or produce new hypotheses. Nursing Practice Nursing research Nursing hypothesis Process of information improvement. Nursing practice, hypothesis, and research are interdependent.Nursing hypothesis improvement and nursing research exercises are coordinated toward creating nursing practice norms . Medical attendants may utilize a particular nursing hypothesis to help direct their training or may pick an increasingly varied approach and embrace thoughts from a few speculations. Both of these methodologies are substantial. Besides, medical attendants may discover a few hypotheses progressively suitable for specific circumstances. All things considered, one hypothesis can be utilized with a customer in a home social insurance setting, while another hypothesis might be increasingly appropriate to a customer in an intense consideration environment.Regardless of the methodology picked, medical attendants will perceive the worth and value of nursing hypothesis as a device for compelling nursing practic e. Basic idea in nursing Theories: Four ideas regular in nursing hypothesis that impact and decide nursing practice are: 1-The individual (tolerant) 3-Health and 4-Nursing Each of these ideas is generally characterized and depicted by a nursing scholar, and in spite of the fact that these ideas are normal to all nursing speculations, both the definition and the relations among them may vary from one hypothesis to another.Of the four ideas, the most significant is that of the individual . The focal point of nursing, paying little heed to definition or Theory, is the individual. Relationship of hypothesis to nursing process: Professional medical caretakers use speculations from nursing and from the social sciences to gather, sort out, and characterize persistent information and to comprehend, break down, and decipher patients' wellbeing situations.Theoretical ideas and speculations manage all periods of the nursing procedure, including arranging, actualizing, and assessing nursing car e, while likewise portraying and disclosing wanted reactions to and results of care. The significant ideas of a picked model or hypothesis direct every one of the nursing procedure . The ideas fill in as classes to the attendant in figuring out what data is pertinent and ought to be gathered to make evaluations and to detail nursing diagnoses.The ideas likewise propose the proper sorts of nursing intercessions and patient results to be remembered for the consideration plan. Sorts of speculations: â€Å"Although hypotheses address moderately explicit and solid wonders, they shift in scope. Degree alludes to the general degree of considerable explicitness of a hypothesis and the solidness of its ideas and propositions† three unique classifications identify with the extent of speculations: excellent hypotheses, center range speculations, and smaller scale run theories.This grouping is appropriate to both nursing and nonnursing hypotheses. 1-A great hypothesis is made out of idea s speaking to worldwide and incredibly complex wonders. It is the broadest in scope, speaks to the most dynamic degree of advancement, and addresses the expansive wonders of worry inside the order. Normally, a terrific hypothesis isn't proposed to give direction to the development of explicit nursing mediations, but instead gives a general system to organizing wide, dynamic thoughts (Fawcett, 1993).An case of an excellent hypothesis is Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing. 2-Middle-Range Theory : A hypothesis that tends to more concret

Sample College Essay - How to Write a Great College Essay

Sample College Essay - How to Write a Great College EssayYou have the sample of a great college essay. But, you need to know some tips on how to apply them.The best way to write a college essay is to make sure that your own views, opinions and thoughts are relevant to the topic of the essay. If your essay will be addressing issues that you really want to say, then do not think that you can just copy from the sample. You should learn what it is you want to say first and ask yourself if you have a reasonable chance of expressing those things in a reasonable amount of words.In the section where you are going to write your college essay, you are expected to put as much effort into it as possible. You will also be asked to present the best information about your area of interest. Just to make sure that your submission will be worthy, you must have a working knowledge of the subject matter.The best advice on how to write a sample essay is to not think too much. Instead, let the writer's bl ock hit you and your thoughts rush into your mind. Just think about the things that have been bothering you for the past few days or weeks and take your best shot at them.You will also find that studying about the topic of the college essay will help you prepare for the part where you are going to tell about your own opinion or views. You should look up the meaning of words and phrases related to the topic of the essay. Also, spend time in reading the previous essays by other students who have written the same essay. This will give you a better idea of how to go about it.You should also remember that the college essay is supposed to be a reflection of your own opinion and views. You will not be permitted to just copy the essay if you want to reflect your own view or opinion on the topic.The best way to prepare for writing your own college essay is to make sure that you will present your own views and opinions in a sensible manner. You will also find that studying about the topic of the essay will also help you gain some insights and knowledge about the topic that you are writing about. So, get started with your next college essay right away!

Analysis Of The Novel Saving Sourdi - 1509 Words

Why Sourdi is Never Saved?: Selective Change in Sourdi, in Saving Sourdi 2017 In Saving Sourdi, by May-Lee Chai, a major character Sourdi, the sister of the protagonist Nea, undergoes a number of changes, while certain other aspects of her character do not change. The relationship between Sourdi and Nea unquestionably also changes. Sourdi is a foil from which a reader can draw a contrast with Nea. In summary, Sourdi continues to have certain qualities perceived by Nea on the one hand, but on the other hand Sourdi does develop into an adult thinking about issues and life milestones which do not necessarily involve Nea, leaving behind Nea; all of these dynamics accentuate themes of cultural levers for immigrants, relationships and†¦show more content†¦This turn of events plays importantly into themes of immigration. While the reader is told an explanation for the black eye of Sourdi, the explanation is not really tenable, albeit it is one believed by Nea and Duke. There are also themes of immigration and culture. It is interesting that cultural responsibilities to her husband is what really separates Nea and Sourdi. Coming of age and the role men is also something. Yet again, it is the cultural instance of the man Mr. Chhay that takes Sourdi away; despite any protestations of his uncouthness Duke actually may have made for something more inclusive for Nea as he is delayed in development like Nea; symbolized by the fact Duke and Nea even held hands while present with Nea in the car. With Mr. Chhay in the life of Sourdi, there is very little role for Nea; perhaps this is why Nea hates so much that fact that he calls her ‘little sister’ (Chai, 2001). Overall Sourdi represents a choice to become that her mother became, a wife and mother. The acts of violence by Nea can be contrasted with the perceived violence involving Sourdi in the end. While Nea lashes out to protect in the beginning perceiving a threat, Sourdi seeks to protect her very attacker with an unconvincing story of baby wipes falling on her face. This assumes that despite the story told by

The Early Middle Ages And Early Medieval Period Essay

Taking a humanities course, specifically one with a focus on medieval to modern times can help you learn about what historians call the late antiquity, early middle ages, and the early modern period. These periods were all crucial in the formation of modern government, philosophy, culture as well as many other aspects and qualities of society today. The late antiquity, the early middle ages and the early modern period were all named by historians to mark significant changes in politics, culture and spirituality. The late antiquity period is said to have started after the end of the classical age and was characterized with significant changes in politics, culture and spirituality. Emperor Diocletian, in an attempt to overcome the faults and failures of the classical age, divided the empire into two empires: the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) and the Western Roman Empire. The transition into the late antiquity period was characterized by a sharp decline in population as a re sult of plagues, pandemics and war. Along with death comes spirituality; during this time there was a steady decline in older religions, traditions and rituals, which resulted in significant changes in spirituality. Multiple religions emerged, the most significant being Christianity, which in contrast to the religions of the classical period, provided comfort and reassurance with the beliefs of life after death. As expected, the decline in population along with new religious beliefs had anShow MoreRelatedMedieval Period in European History1575 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The medieval period in European history begins after the fall of the Roman Empire around 500 C.E., and continued until the early modern period beginning around 1500. 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Fashion Buying free essay sample

Introduction This assignment compares and contrasts the roles, responsibilities and issues faced by UK based retail buyers when purchasing branded versus own branded fashion goods. It draws on examples from retailers, trade press and academic sources. Fashion retailers are an important sector of the fashion industry, and are the link between fashion products and consumers. These retailers have power over the industry and are able to set trends. Over the past few years, retail own-labels have been leading the fashion industry. This has increased the power and important of the fashion buyer’s role.An understanding of the fashion environment – suppliers, wholesales, designers, marketers – is crucial for fashion buyers. Branded and Own-branded According to the American Marketing Association, the definition of a brand is: â€Å"A name, term, design, symbol, or any other feature that identifies one seller’s good or service as distinct from those of other sellers. A brand may identify one item, a family of items, or all items of that seller. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Buying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (Marketing Power, 2011) Own-labels or own-brands refer to the products/services manufactured and sold under the retailer’s brand name. These are sold exclusively at the retail organisation’s outlets. These brands are very powerful and are more commonly known than manufacturer brands. Manufacturer brands refer to products/services that are given a brand name by the company that produces it. However, this is usually not the case in the fashion industry, as many retailers source suppliers and manufacturers from low cost countries (such as, in the Far East) to manufacture the goods for them. For example, Nike does not manufacture a majority of its products. The company has switched from being a manufacturing to a marketing company that focuses on the marketing of its brand.If the buyer is purchasing own-brand goods, the brand name and the retailer will be the same. Fashion Buying Cycle A definition of the ‘fashion buying cycle’ is: ‘the key events and processes in which the fashion buyer is involved in order to buy a garment range in for a retailer or mail order company’ (Goworek, 2007:17) The main processes involved in the fashion buying cycle are outlined below, including how the processes differ for buyers of branded products and buyers of own-branded products: * Review of seasons sales – both buyer will review the seasons sales to determine the popularity of each item. This will assist in determining the most preferred fabrics, styles, etc. * Budget planning both buyers will plan a budget on the expenditure of the range. * Comparative directional shopping – both buyers will conduct comparative shopping to evaluate what the competitors are offering. They both will conduct directional shopping to gain insight on the trends and styles of the season. * Fabric sourcing – the own-branded buyer will be involved in this process.