20 Essay Topics on Crime Prevention Based on Social Science

20 Essay Topics on Crime Prevention Based on Social Science Social science is the scientific study of human society and relationships among the individuals that make up a society. In the context of crime prevention, social science studies attempts to study what pushes criminal activities and how the society we live in can be structured to prevent crimes by eliminating the triggers that leads to criminal intent or reactions. This is indeed possible and has facts backing the importance of social science in preventing crimes. This subject matter can be quite difficult to write about if one does not have good research skills or the patience to learn.   Therefore, an assignment on this could be difficult but we are here to show that this should not be so. In this article- which is a follow up on the 10 facts on social science and crime prevention - 20 social science essay topics will be provided for your choosing pleasure. One of these topics will also be written on to provide you with some direction on how to go about writing on the topic you choose. So below are the 20 topics you can choose from to kick-start your own project. 20 Social Science Topics on Preventing Crime: The Importance of Stable Family Structures in Preventing Crime Reducing Teenage Delinquency Rates and Crime in Today’s Society The Fallacy of Incarceration as an Effective Crime Prevention Technique Integrating Risk Prevention Techniques to Combat Adolescent Criminal Behavior Identifying and Understanding the Key Risk Factors Prevalent in Human Beings Parental Education and its Effects on Reducing Criminal Activities Women Education and Its Role in Crime Prevention Early Child Education and Its Role in Reducing Adolescent Crime How Integrating Civil Laws in Society Prevents Crime Crime Prevention and the Role of Structural Growth The Effects of Local Watches in Preventing Crime Encouraging Social Awareness to Reduce Criminal Activities Mental Health and Its Correlation with Criminal Activity Managing Societys Mental Health Problems Key to Reducing Violent Crimes Tackling Unemployment an Effective Tool to Preventing Crime Creating Economic Opportunities, Preventing Criminal Activities The Implementation of Intervention Techniques in Preventing Criminal Activity Pursuing Equality Reforms as a Crime Prevention Technique Perusing Societys Role in Preventing Criminal Activities The Science of Youth Violence Prevention: Progressing from Developmental Epidemiology to Efficacy Sample Essay: The Importance of Stable Family Structures in Preventing Crime The 17th century saying that the family is the building block of society still rings true to date and consequently, the foundation of every Nation both developed and underdeveloped rests squarely on the strength of its families. Therefore, there is much to learn from the stability of family structures and the effect they have in preventing crimes. My essay is written to provide information on what is known and how stable families prevent criminal activities. The role of the family in the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency has been studied for decades by social scientists and the office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). These studies culminated in findings that showed the effects of both a good family structure and a non-existent structure drives delinquent behavior and criminal activities. The home is the first school for children and it serves as a classroom where manners, etiquettes, society’s rules and behavioral patterns are ingrained in a child. Therefore, children end up becoming by-products of the home they grew up in. Studies from the OJJDP has shown that kids who have been exposed to negative influences in childhood tend to act out these influence in their later years which makes it imperative to create an enabling environment that allows each family fulfill its potential. The study went further to state that kids from at risk homes- unstable families, single parent homes, drug abusers etc.- are three times more likely to be involved in criminal behavior later in life. These negative behaviors which affect governance in the long run can be forestalled by creating conducive familial environment which means the government has a role to play in propagating stable family units. The first step to be taking is creating employment opportunities for adults who intend to create families. This productivity helps both the government and family unit by developing productive citizens and family heads with the finances needed to cater to family needs. Educating parents is also a technique that can be used in building stable family units. It is important to start the educative process from the postnatal period right down to the first two years after childbirth. A study conducted by the Nurse-Family Partnership Program showed that expecting families who took part in such programs were less likely to be involved with any forms of child abuse when compared to others who did not. While on the children’s side, a stable family unit where parental supervision and involvement help kids grow-up to become functioning members of society. This is because parents notice negative factors and influences in their kids’ life and take the necessary steps to check those behavioral patterns before they spiral out of control. Getting parenting and the family unit right is definitely the first step to preventing crimes and grooming responsible citizens in a society. Achieving this requires the education of parents and creating an environment where parents can raise their kids to be responsible and understand that they are accountable for their actions. Here we come to the end of the second article providing you with essay topics on crime prevention. To learn more about writing and reviewing literature on crime prevention, check out this follow-up article on how to write a perfect article review on social science and crime prevention. References: Brandon, W. (2012). The Future of Crime Prevention: Developmental and Situational Strategies. crim.cam.ac.uk/people/academic_research/david_farrington/nijprev.pdf Jeffery, R. (1977).Crime Prevention through Environmental Design 50, 60. Farrington, D. Sherman, W. (2001). Costs and Benefits of Preventing Crime. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Wilson, D., Gottfredson, C., Najaka, S. (2001). School-based Prevention of Problem Behaviours: A Meta-analysis. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 17, 247-272. Canepple, S. (2008). Organized Crime, Corruption and Crime Prevention. Fisher, B. (2010). Encyclopaedia of Victimology and Crime Prevention. Henze, S. (2006). Crime science: New Approaches to Preventing and Detecting Crime.

In Baltimore Essays

In Baltimore Essays In Baltimore Essay In Baltimore Essay Question: 1. How does Southwest Airlines compete? What are its advantages relative to other airlines? 2. The plane turnaround process requires coordination among twelve functional groups at SWA to service, in a brief period of time, an incoming plane and match it up with its new passengers and baggage for a prompt departure. Please evaluate the plane turnaround process at Baltimore resource utilization, capacity, bottlenecks, information flows, etc. How is the process working? 3. Why is the opearational performance at Baltimore eroding? What issues do you identify that require action? . What would you recommend Matt Hafner do? Answer please see attachment: 1 The competitive advantages of Southwest Airlines are as follow: A. Unique operation system Unlike its industrial rivals who used the â€Å"hub and spoke† system, Southwest Airlines established its own point-to-point system instead. Even though economic theories tell Southwest’s system should be unworkable – the shorter the flight is, the higher the setup cost per seat mile, thanks to the well-known quick and efficient turnaround process, Southwest succeeded in creating a miracle. The point-to-point system not only enables Southwest to lower its costs and make frequent flights, but also to capture a niche market and compete with other transportation like trains and buses. This is because Southwest is able to provide passengers with short-hauling flights which can be substitutes to trains and buses. Consequently, it earns a considerable profit from the expanded market size. B. Low costs Southwest is operating at a lower cost when comparing with its competitors. It minimizes its cost in four main ways: . The quick turnaround process: Southwest focuses on turning aircraft around quickly at the gate to minimize an airplane’s time on the ground. They do so by the relational coordination of their operation agents, which would be further discussed in Q2. 2. The use of a single aircraft type: Southwest uses only Boeing 737 and standardizes the cockpit configuration. These minimize additional training requirements for pilots and routinize ramp operations, which helps to save training costs and speed turnarounds at the ate. 3. The use of less-congested airports: Southwest uses such airports to avoid disrupting flight operations in those busy and high-traffic airports. 4. Cheap oil price: Southwest constantly monitors fuel prices at different airports and load fuels from places with attractive price. 5. Other practices like offering beverages and snacks instead of in-flight meals, transferring no baggage to other airlines, and open and single class seating can also help lower the operating costs. C. A productive and loyal workforce Southwest places great emphasis on hiring team players willing to go beyond their primary responsibilities. They invest substantial amounts of time selecting employees for attitude, teamwork, and service orientation, resulting in a strong corporate culture of valuing excellent customer service. Meanwhile, Southwest also strives to build a loyal workforce. It treats its employees as family members and creates an enjoyable working environment. Employees’ opinions and suggestions are listened to and respected. 2. The plane turnaround process at Baltimore is quick and efficient due to (1) Process simplification and (2) Relational coordination powered by its operation agents. The process is said to be simplified relative to other airline companies because Southwest Airlines provides no-frill services – no in-flight meals and no transfer of baggage to other airlines. These lead to time reduction in the restock of provisions, cleaning of cabin area and handling of baggage. Moreover, Southwest also adopts the open seating system to encourage early gate arrival. The two practices thus speed up the turnaround process. In addition, Southwest has increased its staffing of operations agents to a higher level than the industrial average, allowing the operations agent to play a greater role than only managing the flow of information across functional boundaries. Each individual flight is assigned to a dedicated on-site operations agent, who engages in face-to-face contact with each functional team. In so doing, the operations agents are actually engaged in relationship building, developing relationships of shared goals, shared knowledge, and mutual respect among fellow employees to facilitate the oordination of work. This relational coordination results in greater staffing productivity. As noted in the text, the whole process took 20 minutes for flight 110 but it already took 17 minutes to deplane and board passengers, which is considered as the major bottleneck. Yet, the Baltimore Airport would find it difficult to further speed up the process since it is not considered as good customer service to hur ry passengers, especially for the Southwest culture. However, what worth noticing is the overall service level. According to the case, the scheduled turnaround times had lengthened over the past eight years and misplacement of baggage could happen during a quick turnaround. These implicitly reflect that the low staffing level in Baltimore could not catch up with its current service expansion and limited its capability to shorten turnaround time. Therefore, we would attribute the major bottleneck to the size and average tenure of its workforce. 3 The reasons for Baltimore’s deteriorating operational performance are as follow: a. Limited facility: The gates in Baltimore were reaching capacity limits and its bag sorting area had already reached its full capacity. While the former implies longer boarding time, the latter leads to longer bag handling time, with both slowing down the whole turnaround process. b. Labour shortage: Efficient turnaround process relies heavily on its employees. The tight labour market, however, forced Baltimore to have a serious labour shortage at least in short term and lead to many mandatory over-times. As a result, it led to declining productivity and slowed down the turnaround process. Moreover, the experience of employees is also crucial. With high labour turnover rate and frequent hiring, Baltimore was having a comparably inexperienced workforce. This would affect the operational performance. c. Uncontrollable passenger connections: Southwest’s connecting flights were unevenly distributed and Baltimore was one of the stations that had the greatest amount of connecting flights. The numerous connecting flights made operations become more complicated and satisfying all customers become even more difficult. As a result, flights were frequently held up for connecting passengers. Two issues should deserve much attention. They include: a. Unsatisfactory customer services: Mishandled bags and passenger complaints in Baltimore were higher than the system-wide average and its number of passenger complaints was even the highest among all stations. Limited facilities and frequent flight holdings brought inconvenience and dissatisfaction to passengers. All these were definitely undesirable especially for Southwest which built its success on passenger’s trust. These problems should be tackled as soon as possible so as to re-gain passenger’s confidence and loyalty. b. Prolonged working hours: Labour is always the most valuable asset. The lower the productivity is, the longer time the whole turnaround process takes. Prolonged working hours adversely affected the morale of employees. It ended up not only worsening operational performance but also causing discontent among workers. If the problem remained unsolved, the operational performance would further deteriorate. 4. On seeing the service deterioration at Baltimore, Matt Hafner is actually making a trade-off decision between its service expansion and service quality. There are two alternatives: 1. As Baltimore is served as a mega-station in the East Coast, rapid expansion of flights is desired to capture strong demands. Matt should exert its bargaining power to urge for facility expansion of the Baltimore Airport to cater for future expansion needs and relieve the pressures for gates and bag sorting areas. Moreover, he should shorten the hiring process or lower the hiring requirements to recruit more staff to support the addition of flights. 2. Since the staffing level at Baltimore does not support its expected service level, Matt should slow its expansion pace down so as to maintain a high service quality and hence, protect Southwest Airlines from damaging its own reputation. However, it is advised that the first option could pose these substantial risks: A. Since it requires persistent over-time on its staff, the staff morale would definitely be affected, leading to a high staff turnover rate and also deteriorated service. B. Southwest has long been surviving without laying off any of its staff. Nevertheless, given the shorten hiring process, they may fail to screen out all undesired candidates. As a result, service quality would suffer. C. The rapid expansion also poses itself to high uncertainty. For example, the 911 incident, which happened just three months afterwards, could obviously tumble the flight demands. Therefore, any large-scale investment could adversely affect quarter earnings. Therefore, it is recommended that Matt should choose the second option – striving for a stable but progressive growth. By saying so, he could suggest lengthening the connecting time for the reservation system so that it relieves the staff pressure to rush for a quick turnaround and at the same time reduces the frequency of holding flights. In return, a higher service quality could be guaranteed. Meanwhile, it is also high time to promote its services through marketing efforts and public relations to re-build public confidence towards the Southwest Airlines.

Financing needs of Cyrus Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financing needs of Cyrus Brown - Essay Example C. Consequently, Cyrus Brown Manufacturing will not need any minimum or maximum line of credit since the future prospects are positive. The only reason why external financing or line of credit might be needed is extraordinary events that might result in cash outflow. D. The first conclusion that can be made on the nature of the company is the seasonality of the products sold by the company, since one can see a rise in sales with the culmination in September alongside with the downfall in October and November. Another issue that should be considered when analyzing the financial situation of the company is the lump-sump payments made in June and September. While the ending monthly cash balance changes independent of the amount of sales, when considering the payments made in June and September, the increase in ending cash balance would be gradual and logical. Thus, when keeping in mind these two major issues, there is no reason to doubt financial situation of Cyrus Brown Manufacturing. E. It would be profitable for a bank to have Cyrus Brown Manufacturing as a client.

Employee rewards and performance management Essay

Employee rewards and performance management - Essay Example mportant for leaders of a particular team within an organization to should focus on individual performance and thus cumulatively the entire group will post very good returns. The team leader should focus on improving the output of each and every member. As such, it is important to bring on board individuals who are performers. This is normally done when workers are being recruited for various posts. According to the material, the team leader should focus not only on the positive issues that affect the group, but also should put measures that solve negative issue that impact the group. As such, the group should recognize each and every effort put by the team members regardless of the results that it yielded. The correct model of rewarding should ensure that appraisals are used to meet the intended purpose. The approached used in the system includes steps such as Measurement, Feedback, Positive Reinforcement, Exchange of Views and Agreement. After carefully analyzing the materials, I have come to realize that constructing a well thought-out technique to designing the performance appraisal is key to ensuring that the entire group works harmoniously to achieve the intended goals. The team should carry out regular assessment on the appraisal model to make sure that it serves the intended purpose of encouraging good results. The course has enabled me to gain a better insight on leadership. As such, I have been able to develop leadership skills that include effective collaborative practice and confidentiality that are essential when managing a team. The module has changed my perspectives on various issues that surround the reward system and leadership and management in

Film Analyzing Instructions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Film Analyzing Instructions - Essay Example The paper "Film Analyzing Instructions" shows film analyzing instructions. According to Jaikisham, a proper film critic must know how to elucidate why a film work or doesn’t work by looking beyond the noticeable rudiments added to sell a film to the spectators. In allowing viewers to experience the story on various levels you’ve got to analyze the specific details. Seize your note book, skull to the theater, and get ready to enter the world of film critic. Study some of these professional tips on how to analyze a film and determine the fine nuances which a lot of people miss out. This is because a glass maybe half empty or half full. Therefore it is all a substance of perception. Luckily or unluckily an excellent moviemaker does not habitually share the perspective of the audience. Hence, it is vital that one value is the importance of another’s view point. Additionally, if you are watching any film with your family or friends, it is essential that you take note of the things which an untailored film typically does and this forms origin for all your opinions about a film in the end. There is copiousness of things about a film which can be dissected to get the preeminent picture on what a film is all about. Cinema can be interpreted in many different ways and each of them is correct. The following tips are essentially important in analyzing movies. This is very important as this shows how relevant a film is for the recent time. Is it just for entertainment or is it momentous cinema?

Project Management Of IT Projects

Project Management Of IT Projects Although computer systems have been employed since the 1970s in significant applications military, civil, government, finance, business and so on, unlike any other engineering discipline the success rate of ICT projects remains unacceptably low. Describe and discuss why ICT projects fail and what measures can be taken to improve the chance of success. ICT Project is the development and forward of an ICT system where as an ICT system is a combination of computer hardware, software, input and output, activity data or information and the personal that have to use it. ICT Projects can bring changes and improve organizational activities. Business and processes can become more effective and efficient by the use of information and communication technology (ICT) systems as in case with engineering discipline but unfortunately successful applicants in other field like military, civil, government is still questionable even they are employed there since very long. Performance evaluation of the project can also direct the determination of victory or malfunction of an ICT project. Also such evaluations cannot be justified as good or bad without the successful execution of such project. The core value of any of the ICT projects can be accomplished to figure out its capability to support the organization in finding right result to its troubles. The adaptability of ICT system and its overheads can only be logical if there are benefits accruing to it. Few of the benefits can be listed as below: Escalating capacity of system Efficient access to data Improved efficiency and outputs Transparency Simplicity Lessening of Cost Quality Service Enhanced and effective decision making FAILURE OF ICT PROJECTS: Regardless of the successful stories of ICT projects around the world, studies have proved high speed of ICT Project failure. These failure can be either project stakeholder expectations or correspondence failure where the project failed to meet the specified objectives such as enhancing efficiency, upgrading in resource utilization, superior output etc. It can be process failure which refers to plan overruns, resources blowouts and it may be interaction failure where new system may be or was used shortly and then terminate or occasionally used or not used at all. Although benefits of ICT cannot be disputed but there are several issues and points about its achievements as well as the approach in its implementation. Triumph of any project can be evaluated or measured on different factors but success of information and communication technology (ICT) project depends upon timely completion within budget, trustworthiness (bug-free), user friendliness, easy inexpensive alteration and maint enance in addition that it must meet specifications, goals and satisfaction of users. In order to understand the extent of ICT failure, we need to categorized failures related to information systems which can be technical breakdown, project collapse, organizational crash, environmental breakdown, developmental stoppage and user disappointment ICT failure can be categorized depending upon the degree of its achievement or usage. It can be total failure where initially the ICT was never implemented or in which a new system was put into action but immediately discarded. It can be considered as partial failure as major goals are unattained or in which there are major unwanted results. There is another class of sustainability failure where an initial implementation was first succeeded but is then neglected after a year or so. REASONS FOR FAILURE OF ICT PROJECTS: The failure factors which prevent smooth execution of ICT projects can either be Infrastructure, finance, poor data system, lack of compatibility, skilled personnel, leadership styles, culture, bureaucracy and attitudes There are certain factors which may not prevent the execution or implementation of projects and can the hinder system advancement and its sustainability. Among them are User needs, Technology, Coordination, ICT policy, and Donor pressure. There can be a number of reasons, which require a detailed and careful review to fully identify. ICT projects are often too ambitious and too complex because of the combination of the political, organizational and technical factors lacking top management prop up, insufficient resources of project, lack of user input, poor project management, design problems, scarce training, unsuitable technologies, and many more including incomplete requirements, changing requirements, technology Incompetence, unrealistic expectation. Therefore Projects run into problems, they get far more expensive than budgeted, need more time than planned or do not deliver the intended results. Unfortunately, project failures can also be related to lack of post-mortem probes across all sectors (private and public). Organizations are neither interested to achieve organizational erudition for themselves nor are they allocate their difficult experiences with others. Vision without substance and a budget without vision are two sorts of planning. Problems encountered encase of vision without substance are ambiguity of future vision, lack of organizational vision, current position and time. Budget without vision arises questions as to what problem is being solved, priorities and definition of the roles and responsibilities. Poor Project planning in organizations are due to lack of risk management, business systems are not utilized and understood completely and also lack of concern involvement from management. MEASURES FOR THE SUCCESS OF ICT PROJECT: Success or failure of any ICT project can be measured by identifying institution where we they are now and where the new project is taking them. Success factors are those whose presence or absence establish the success of an ICT project. They can be drivers or enabler. Some of these are vision and strategy, stakeholders support, external pressure and cooperation, consumer expectations, technological alteration, upgrading, and globalization in addition to efficient project coordination and good practices. Degree of change is proportionally related to risk of project success. Bigger change might produces bigger organizational improvement at the cost of big risk of project disaster whereas small change might promise less degree of change at the price of less project risk. Thus we can say that there is a trade-off between threat and transformation. ICT projects can be designed according to models of engineering and managerial concepts. Drafting of complex technical systems in much more perplex social surroundings through development of local knowledge base systems can lead to avoid failures. Review by local sections and organizations to determine the extent of ICT failures can also be very useful and productive approach. These experts can make conclusive and detailed analysis and they can point out flaws and make recommendation for the improvement of ICT projects. Reports and lesson learnt should be available to other practitioners in other organizations for betterment of their projects. Division of the project in smaller groups and controlling subsidiary projects is better approach as changes during the project are sometimes or often unavoidable and difficult to manage. Information systems qualities which are achieved via efficient ICT projects affect the perceived benefits. An ICT project implementation can be considered successful if the perceived benefits are determined and understood. ICT services quality can be reviewed after vigilant assessment of the infrastructure to establish technical functionality. For instance with reference to networking different departments, the point to check is whether it may be has been achieved successfully or not. This in turn will involve a technical and user assessment of the efficient communication systems. Generation of information can be assessed to determine efficiency of Information system quality for budgeting purposes, the question might be whether the information system can generate exact and timely financial information and data or not. Perceived benefits are the end products that can be used to judge the success of the whole system. If the perceived benefits like easier communication, networking, and system integration, timely, relevant, complete and useful information are not realized, then the system will be perceived to have failed. Attributes of each component are shown for clarity and focus. A familiar maxim says, if you cannot plan it, you do not do it. Another maxim says, I never planned to fail, I just failed to plan. Project planning begins as soon as project planning activities determine the organizations strategy and identifies the ICT projects. Under the few limitations, project plans evolve with the lifecycle. These limitations are time and money so each project should have a define deadline and a tight budget. Planning as a tool can be helpful in minimizing waste by classifying the pre-requites conditions for successful ICT implementation rather than rushing into a complex strategy. ICT needs careful planning, communication and coordination prior to implementation instead wise trial and error methods. Clarify goals, targets and objectives shall be established. These goals may form major role in planning process and ultimately help in the successful implementation of ICT projects. ANALYSIS Improvement in the ability of those involved in the design, execution and management of IT related projects shall be enhanced to solve and tackle specific contextual attributes of the institute, division, country or location where such ICT projects will be implemented. Strategy and support are the core areas which lead to success of any ICT project and at the same time finance and lack of fund in addition to weak infrastructure leads to failure of such projects. Maximum benefits and output of ICT implementation can be achieved if there are no failure factors but its not possible but framework can be developed for the maximum output. This framework must cover and identify themes, prioritize activities develop program of action, categorize target groups and in the final stage implement solutions ICT projects must be streamlined and established while focusing following approaches. Never underestimate complex environment where ICT program evolves. Get maximum output and benefits for the target group Staff shall be re-skilled to cop up with changes Identification and utilization of new technologies How institute processes will fit in technology Strong and supportive program management Dont underestimate the total cost of ICT project. Part B COMP1592 Organisation and Project Management Tutorial for Week 1.5 Introduction to ICT Project Management Upload your answers in Week 1.6 List the problems you experienced when you carried out a recent assignment. Try to put these problems into some order of magnitude. For each problem consider whether there was some way in which the problem could have been reduced by better organisation and planning by you. Risk management Team management Team collaboration Schedule Project plan was impractical Identify the main types of personnel employed in an ICT department. For each stage of a typical ICT development project, list the types of personnel who are likely to be involved. Business Analyst (who gathers requirements from client) System Analyst (based on the requirements, design the software) Solution Architect (application is designed on the basis of technical specification) Software Developers (who develops the software) Database developers (design and maintaining of DB) Quality Team (who tests the developed software) Configuration manager A public library is considering the implementation of a computer-based system to help administer book loans at libraries. Identify the stakeholders in such a project. What might be the objectives of such a project and how might the success of the project be measured in practical terms? Stakeholders Following are the stakeholders for computer based library system: Librarian Library Staff Administrator/ Technical Board Book Suppliers/ Volunteers Partner Universities Friends of the Library (Providing funds and assistance to Library) Educators/ Trainers (train the usage of the system) Software House or company developing the computer based system Library Users (those who lend the books) Objectives Cataloguing (classification and indexing books) Compilation of books and the stuff Control of books circulation Track users Efficiently confirm the availability of books Automate the library loan system and make it computer based System will be fully authenticated as it will be solely based on computer Issue and return dates will be catered by the system which will ensure that no preference is given to any public user in case of late return. Automation and authentication will be achieved. Record of all the books will be managed and kept up to date Success of the project: Success of the project will be measured on the following parameters: Productive system usage System efficiency Gradual rise in users will predict the success Ease and comfort for public Reduction of staff Confidence of stakeholders on the system Authentication and automation is an important factor Authentication i.e. more authenticated the system is more will be its progress 4. A software house has developed a customised order processing system for a client. You are an employee of the software house that has been asked to organize a training course for the end-users of the system. At present, a user handbook has been produced, but no specific training material. A plan is now needed for the project which will set up the delivery of the training courses. The project can be assumed to have been completed when the first training course starts. Among the things that will need to be considered are the following: Training materials will need to be designed and created; A timetable will need to be drafted and agreed; Date(s) for the course will need to be arranged; The people attending the course will need to be identified and notified; Rooms and computer facilities for the course will need to be provided for. A. Identify the main stakeholders for this project; Software House Software developers Trainers End users/ Client Customers of client (must not be an end user) B. Draw up a statement of the objectives for this project; Evaluation, planning and business handling in an efficient manner. Identify and develop connections between sales, planning and purchasing (by using tools such as flow charts and activity diagrams) Create business to business environment by creating link with customers. Encourage staff input to identify problems and solutions. Handling customers feedback. C. for the objectives, identify the measures of effectiveness; Evaluation, planning and business handling: efficient report generation and boost the business. Identify and develop connections between sales, planning and purchasing: by comparison with previous records Create business to business environment by creating link with customers: gradual rise of customers Encourage staff input to identify problems and solutions: system improvement and staff satisfaction. Handling customers feedback: customers satisfaction D. For each objective, identify relevant sub-objectives or goals and who would be responsible for each of them Evaluation, planning and business handling: company management is the goal and sales team is responsible. Identify and develop connections between sales, planning and purchasing: sales team is responsible Create business to business environment by creating link with customers: sales team is responsible. Encourage staff input to identify problems and solutions: Human Resource department is responsible. Handling customers feedback: Quality assurance department is responsible. Organisation and Project Management Tutorial for Week 1.6 Introduction to Database Design Upload your answers in Week 1.7 A company providing photo storage on the web needs a database to support the website. Visitors to the site can register by providing personal details including their email address, username and password. Once registered the user can create photograph albums into which they can upload their photographs (stored as files on the company server) along with a suitable caption and description. Users can add as many tags as they need to each one of their albums and their photos in order to classify them and enable meaningful searches. Design a database schema that fulfils these requirements. visitor username password Email address Photograph album Album ID name caption description tags photograph photographID name tags Username is foreign key in photograph album and albumID is foreign key in photograph Convert your logical schema from question 1 into a physical schema identifying each attribute data type. visitor Username Password Email address Photograph album albumID Name Caption Description Tags Photograph photographID Name tags A visitor has multiple photo albums i.e. 1-n relationship between visitor and photo album A photo album has multiple photographs in it i.e. 1-n relationship between photo album and photograph Write SQL statements which will implement the physical schema you created in question 2. Create some INSERT statements which will populate your tables with example data. INSERT INTO `photograph` (`photographID`, `caption`, `tags`) VALUES (photo1, caption1, tag1), (photo2, caption2, tag2); INSERT INTO `photographalbum` (`albumID`, `name`, `caption`, `description`, `tags`) VALUES (album1, name1, caption1, description1, tag1), (album2, name2, caption2, description2, tag2); INSERT INTO `visitor` (`username`, `password`, `emailAddress`) VALUES (visitor1, 12345, [emailprotected]), (visitor2, 12345, [emailprotected]); Using either the MySQL or Microsoft SQL Server database servers provided by the school implement your database using the SQL statements you created in question 3. SET SQL_MODE=NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `photograph` ( `photographID` varchar(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT , `caption` varchar(30) NOT NULL, `tags` varchar(30) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`photographID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `photographalbum` ( `albumID` varchar(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT , `name` varchar(30) NOT NULL, `caption` varchar(30) NOT NULL, `description` varchar(30) NOT NULL, `tags` varchar(30) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`albumID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `visitor` ( `username` varchar(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT , `password` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL, `emailAddress` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`username`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; Write a SELECT statement which will output all of the filenames in an album with a tag matching punk created by a person called Leibovitz. COMP1592 Organisation and Project Management Tutorial for Week 1.7 Critical Thinking Upload your answers in Week 1.8 For each of the following questions you must explain your strategy and approach to answering the question. Simply providing an answer is not sufficient. 1. In these designs there is a particular shape and a particular colour such that any of the designs which has one, and only one, of these features is called a PHOG. If the Blue Diamond is a PHOG, could any of these other designs be a PHOG? Answer: Since Blue Diamond is a PHOG, it means that the particular shape is Diamond or the particular colour is Blue. Based on this observation, we can say that Red Diamond (because it has the shape but not colour) or Blue Circle (because it has the colour but not shape) are PHOGs. 2. Which of the hidden parts of these cards do you NEED to see in order to answer the following question decisively? For these cards is it true that if there is a circle on the left there is a circle on the right? If above is ordering of respective cards, we should check Card-A and Card-D. For Card-A, if there is a circle on the right side and for Card-D, there is no circle on the left side, we can conclude that: If there is a circle on the left there is a circle on the right. It is useless to check Card-B, because even if there is a circle or not, it shall not affect the conclusion drawn. Similarly for Card-C, if there is a circle on left side, our conclusion shall be justified. And if there is no circle on the left side, it shall not affect the conclusion. 3. There is a truth teller (always tells the truth), a liar (always lies), and one who sometimes answers truthfully and sometimes lies. Each person knows who is who. You may ask three yes or no questions to determine who is who. Each time you ask a question, it must only be directed to one of the people. You may ask the same question more than once, but of course it will count towards your total. What are your questions and to whom will you ask them? Answer: Let us call them TT, AL and TL to symbolize. All of them shall say NO if they are asked if they are a Liar so: Ask TT: If I ask AL if he is a Liar, what would his answer be? If he says YES, TT is a Liar. If he says NO TT, is a Truth Teller. Then ask AL: If I ask TL if he is a Liar, what would his answer be? If he says YES, AL is a Liar. If he says NO, AL is a Truth Teller. And then ask TL: If I asked TT if he is a Liar, what would his answer be? If he says YES, TL is a Liar. If he says NO, TL is a Truth Teller 4. Three boxes are all labeled incorrectly, and you must get the labels right. The labels on the boxes read as follows: [Box 1] buttons [Box 2] coins [Box 3] coins and buttons To gain the information you need to move the labels to the correct boxes, you may remove a single item from one of the boxes. You may not look into the boxes, nor pick them up and shake them, etc. Answer: Since all labels are marked incorrectly, we know that the Box 3 marked with [Coins or Buttons] has any one of the two items and not both. Remove the label from this Box 3, pick one item from this Box 3 (it must be a coin or a button), remove the respective label (depending upon the item obtained) from other two boxes (Bow 1 or Box 2) and put it on this Box 3. Now we have Box 3 that has the right label on it. Now there is one Box without a label and the other Box with incorrect label. Remove the incorrect label because it is on the box that must be having both [Coins and Buttons]. Put this label on the other Box and [Coins or Button] label on this box. In this way we have done the right labeling. COMP1592 Organisation and Project Management Week 1.8 Step Wise: An approach to planning software projects Upload your answers in Week 1.9 What are the products created by the Step Wise planning process? Which of the following are not SMART objectives and why? Market research Research similar products User acceptance testing Investigate product requirements User training Test and Evaluate Design database Implement middleware Improve network performance Measure MTBF SMART means Specific, Measurable, Acceptable, Realistic, Time Framed Market Research: It is not a SMART objective because it is Specific to a segment of market, product; and there is no time framed specified Research Similar Products: It is not a SMART objective because it is not measurable with respect to other products. Also there are no time lines mentioned for it. User Acceptance Testing: It is not a SMART objective because it is not time bound. Investigate Product Requirements: It is not a SMART objective because the product is not specified; also there is no time line specified for it. User Training: It is not a SMART objective because the User training is not measurable and also there is no time frame mentioned for it. Test and Evaluate: It is not a SMART objective because there is no measuring parameter specified for evaluations. Also time frame is not available in which this testing and evaluation is to be done. Design Database: It is explicitly specified that the database of application is to be developed. But it is not a SMART objective for there is no time specified for it. Implement Middleware: This is a specific, measurable and realistic objective but not SMART because there are no timelines available for implementation. Improve Network Performance: There are no measuring elements that are mentioned for this performance activity. Also time frame is not mentioned for it. It may be specific and realistic but not a SMART objective. Measure MTBF: Measuring Mean Time between Failures is not a SMART objective because there is no time line mentioned to perform this task For each of the objectives in Q2 which are not SMART re-writes the objective so that it may be considered as SMART. Explain your reasoning. SMART means Specific, Measurable, Acceptable, Realistic, and Time Framed Market Research: Perform Market Research in next 2 weeks to check for need of a mobile phone that supports instant texting at university level and include students of age between 18-24 years. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. Research Similar Products: Perform a Research Study among shop keepers of market in 4 weeks to check for competitors of Nokia 6300. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. User Acceptance Testing: Conduct Software Testing with at least 50 students to check for newly developed Online Registration System in next 5 days. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. Investigate Product Requirements: Have minimum of 5 meetings with client and prepare SRS document of new Software to be developed by the end of this month. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. User Training: Arrange and ensure a single user training session for changes made in one of the modules. This training should not be of more than two hours. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. Test and Evaluate: Conduct thorough testing of new Recording solution after taking minimum of 100 calls in 15 minutes. Repeat this activity 10 times at different timings. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. Implement Middleware: Develop the Middleware of Patient Education module in 2 weeks and engage maximum of 4 available programmers. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. Improve Network Performance: Identify applications that have higher network usage and try to monitor and configure them for next 24 hours to gain 5% improvement in network performance. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. Measure MTBF: Execute parallel applications and determine MTBF within 2 hours after connecting 10 users to it. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. 4. Amanda works for the Management Services department of a local authority. She has been active in organising the development of a computerised payroll processing system. The system is in the final stages of development. What products must exist before the activity test program can take place? Products: Software: Scope Context (environment) Information Objectives (input and output) Functionality and performance requirements Objectives: Scope Context What products does this activity create? Software Project Management activities are: Feasibility Report Planning Monitoring Execution Production Delivery Closing End of program 5. You are about to embark on an assessed group project as part of your degree programme. Draw up a list of the risks which may affect your assignment outcome. Individually classify the risks as high, medium and low. What can be done to reduce the impact of these risks on your project? Following are the risks that can be faced during this project or academic assignment. Scale: High Risk- H Medium Risk M Low Risk -R Project risks Budget (H) Budget risk can be reduced if the market value and demand of the project is marketed before. Schedule (M) Proper formal MS project plan will help reduce this risk. Personnel (L) Although it is an academic project and the personnel risk has low COMP1592 Organisation and Project Manageme

The Sun Lord of All Ages :: Sun Culture Cultures Cultural Essays

The Sun Lord of All Ages "Sun, heavenly body whose light makes our day, member of the solar system round which the planets revolve "( definition according to the Webster's New Elementary Dictionary). In the literature of the mythology, the legends that relate to the creation of the shiny body occupy a very important role. It was natural for ancient cultures in remote times to speculate about the creation of the visible universe, and specially about the creation of the sun. The sun is presented in a lot of different myths as born from one of the eyes of The Creator God, or as springing into life as the sacrifice of the life of a god or hero, or sometimes as the Supreme Creator itself. While traveling through the different cultures existent in the ancient times, we can recognize common aspects in their different myths. In the case of the sun related myths, we can see common aspect concerning: his creation, and the sun-man relationship. Even though the sun plays an important role in almost all the creatio n myths, there are some cultures were his role it is more important than in others. For example, in the Egyptian myths he is presented as the supreme creator, in the case of the Toltec and Aztec myths he is mostly related to the creation and destruction of the five different worlds and the humans that lived in each of them. In order of importance of the role of the sun in the different cultures, the Egyptians are one of the first ones. For them the sun was the greatest god of all. According to their legends, at the beginning , the world was a waste of water called Nu, from were the sun god was born. "He first appeared as a shiny egg, which floated upon the water's breast and the spirits of the deep, who where the Mother and the Father, were with him there as he was with Nu, for they were the companions of Nu. Ra [Egyptian name for the sun] was greater than Nu from whom he arose. He was the divine father and strong ruler of gods" (Mackenzie, 1). This was the Egyptian explanation for the appearance of that shiny body in the sky, who kept them warm and gave them light during the day, and caused plants to grow which they needed as food to survive.

Catullus One

Catullus was a Roman poet in the 1st century BCE. His poems were known for being differently written from what his contemporaries were writing at the time. While others were writing more â€Å"manly† poetry, about their sexual conquests, Catullus was less racy in his writings. In his â€Å"Poem 1†, Catullus is dedicating his new poetry to a man named Cornelius. While not a love poem like he usually wrote, â€Å"Poem 1† shows several aspects of Roman culture and gives us a glimpse of how Romans tried to make a lasting impression on the world of the future.In â€Å"Poem 1†, Catullus is simply dedicating his new poetry to Cornelius. He says that Cornelius â€Å"had the habit of making much of my poetic little†, which seems as if Catullus is saying that Cornelius made his poetry more of a big deal than it was worth. This may mean that Cornelius was very excited to be reading Catullus' poetry, implying that the two were friends, or that Cornelius was jus t an admirer of Catullus'. This is reinforced by the next line which states, â€Å"†¦ the first in Italy, were boldly unfolding all past ages in three volumes†¦ . In Rome, at this point in history, preserving one's legacy was a very important task to undertake. It was on the mind of most every notable Roman.Whether it was through great acts committed in the name of Rome or through great works of literature, everyone wanted to be remembered far down the line. What we see in Catullus' â€Å"Poem 1† is this notion of eternal preservation. Catullus says that he will give his new collection to Cornelius and that he hopes that, â€Å"for the sake of its patron may it survive a century or better. This shows the Roman preoccupation with the preservation of their legacy. Catullus' poem may also show the Roman idea of amicitia, or friendship. In Rome, friendship could be an actual friendship, where those involved have a sort of admiration and respect for each other, or a ci rcle of favors where one Roman would do a favor for another. It is possible that Catullus says that he will dedicate this poem to Cornelius as a return of a favor that Cornelius did for Catullus or in order for Cornelius to does him a favor later down the line.But it seems more likely, based on the way that he writes, that Cornelius and Catullus are good friends and Catullus is preserving his friend's name at the same time as he is trying preserve his own and to secure his legacy. The poem is ambiguous in the fact that it does not come right out and say whether Catullus is being sarcastic with his words. As stated earlier, it seems that the relationship between Catullus and Cornelius is one of friendship. However, there is room for interpretation towards the sarcastic side of Catullus' writing.It could be that Cornelius is a critic of Catullus, who tries to make little of his great works of literature. The dedication could actually be a jab at Cornelius if he is in fact a critic of Catullus' writing. Catullus has used his poems to attack his critics before, as in â€Å"Poem Sixteen†. He used his poetry to attack two critics, Aurelius and Furius, who were criticizing Catullus' less than masculine writing style. These aspects of Roman culture, the preservation of legacies and the concept of amicitia, are shown not only in Catullus' work, but also in other writings from the time.Many letters from Cicero to various correspondents show the value of amicitia, both the true friendship and the circle of favors that were both part of this friendship. When he writes to and about Tiro, it is shown that there will be an exchange of favors as Cicero has recently freed Tiro, who was his servant. In exchange, Tiro will be indebted to Cicero and will have to perform a service for him later to repay this favor. The preservation of legacies is apparent in other readings by Catullus as well. In â€Å"Poems 68 and 101†, Catullus uses his poetry to preserve the legac y of other men.He tells us of a friend of his named Allius and of his brother. This man, Allius, aided Catullus after the death of Catullus' brother. He offered him a home to stay under and the mistress of the house to take care of him. This poem also exemplifies the Roman favor system. In repayment for his aid to Catullus, Allius' legacy was preserved in â€Å"Poem 68†. Catullus' brother was also preserved in these poems. He tells us of the grief that he feels in the wake of his brother's death, and by doing so tells us of his brother. Catullus was a very strange writer to read.His poems could vary in subject matter from his obsession over Lesbia, to attacking his critics, to how he has writer's block after the death of his brother. However, his poems did accomplish one of the most important of Roman goals. He was remembered. And through our remembrance of Catullus, we are given a small glimpse into Roman society in his life and what was valued by that society. In addition t o this, we also remember many other Roman men who he preserved with his poetry. Without the efforts of Catullus and many others in their attempts to be remembered, we would not have the wealth of information that we do today about life in Rome.

History of Crafting Islam

History of Crafting Islam First of all, it should be pointed out that Islam was founded by Muhammad. One is to keep in mind that Muhammad is considered to be a messenger, whom Allah provided with his last revelations. The final prophet stated that Allah established high ethical standards, which people are to follow. These standards involve generosity, just, truth and purity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Crafting Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Those, who refuse to live according to the principles, will be punished by the one true God. One of the messenger’s key aims was to rectify mistakes other prophets made while introducing their religious teachings. Muhammad’s major aim is to encompass all people and show them the ways, which lead to Paradise. Treating parents with respect, seeking knowledge, cleanliness, treating women with distinction, self-control, the richness of the soul, modesty and faith, compassi on are some of the key values Muhammad highlighted. Generally, the religious roots Muhammad used to craft Islam involve teachings of other religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism; although the key of the teaching is that the one true God is Allah. Koran is considered to be the God’s last revelation to people. The final prophet faced resistance when he started to preach Allah’s final revelations to the representatives of the Quraish tribe, â€Å"but in 622 CE the city of Yathrib (270 miles north of Mecca), invited Muhammad to take power as its governor, to preach to its people, and to mediate disputes between rival tribes† (â€Å"In the Wake of Rome:  the Islamic, Byzantine, and Carolingian Empires,† n. d.). Muhammad stated that the God’s will was to convert Arab tribes to the new faith. A base for military expansion was also given to the final prophet. Thus, Muhammad obtained religious and political success using â€Å"a c ombination of intimidation, politics, and charismatic preaching to convert other Arab tribes† (â€Å"In the Wake of Rome:  the Islamic, Byzantine, and Carolingian Empires,† n. d.). To convert non-Arabs to Islam, the power of the Koran and the oral traditions established by the final prophet were used. Non-Arabs were deeply impressed how the God’s last messenger solved numerous governmental contradictions and law problems. A political alliance with other communities allowed to convert non-Arabs to the new faith (Tahir-ul-Qadri, 2001). When Allah’s final prophet died, he left no instructions how to rule the Islamic Empire. However, within a century, his followers established a powerful empire. Abu-Bakar who was a well-known Meccan businessman and one of Muhammad’s followers expanded Islamic power.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He started war against those Arab tribes, which did not want to accept him as a ruler. A dynasty of Caliphs was established. Christians and Jews got an opportunity to live according to their own faith; although they had to accept Islam as a dominant faith and were obliged to pay taxes. Faith, spiritual perfection and practice are considered to be the most important variables Islam is based on. The three key things are associated with peace and mercy. Finally, it should be noted that Muhammad’s teaching must not be regarded as a religion. The most appropriate word, which can be used to explain the connotative meaning of Islam, is Deen; despite the fact that Deen is translated as a religion, the semantic meaning of the Arabic word differs from the meanings English dictionaries contain. One can probably conclude that Islam is not a religion; it is a mode of life. References In the Wake of Rome:  the Islamic, Byzantine, and Carolingian Empires. (n. d.). Bloomu.edu. Retrieved from http://facstaff.bloomu.edu/mhickey/to%201650%20lecture%208.htm Tahir-ul-Qadri, M. (2001). Islam and Politics. Mediamonitors.net. Retrieved from  https://www.mediamonitors.net/islam-and-politics/

Costco case Analysis Essay Essay Example

Costco case Analysis Essay Essay Example Costco case Analysis Essay Paper Costco case Analysis Essay Paper 1. What is Costco’s concern theoretical account? Is the company’s concern theoretical account appealing? Why or why non? Costco’s concern theoretical account is focused on bring forthing high gross revenues volumes and rapid stock list turnover by offering members low monetary values on a limited choice of national name trade names and choice private-label merchandises in a broad scope assortment. Costco is focused in low-priced scheme is concentrated on a narrow bargain section and out viing challengers by holding lower costs. hence being able serve a niche consumers at a lower monetary value. ( Gamble. John and Thompson. Arthur ( 2009 ) . Costco’s concern theoretical account is appealing because they are able to continually sell to a niche market. This niche market has one-year income which ranges from $ 75. 000 to $ 100. 000 or more a twelvemonth. By offering the best merchandises possible at lower monetary value. they are able to hold these members return. Soon there are 47. 679. 000 card holders which include Executive members. Business member. Primary cardholders and Add-on cardhold ers. Whereas Costco has offered the most popular merchandises in order to hold a rapid turn-over. Costco has proven that there concern scheme has worked by continually bring forthing higher net sale. 2. What are the main elements of Costco’s scheme? How good is the scheme? Scheme is the organization’s pre selected that means to accomplish its ends or aims. while maintaining in position current and future external conditions. Costco’s strategy’s elements are low monetary values. limited merchandise lines and choice and hoarded wealth Hunt shopping environment. Costco’s is following cost leading scheme which is good because on this base they can vie with their rivals. By limited merchandise lines and limited choice they are offering limited 4000 points which are less as compared to its rivals. Costco’s is adopted market development scheme by capturing new markets for bing merchandises. Besides it provides such merchandise at low monetary values to its members which they believe will non be available in following visit. This works as an inducement and members try to take maximal advantage and hence Costco’s gross revenues volume additions. At Costco’s warehouse merchandises are non offered in every size. Th e scheme they followed is that by offering every size their efficiency will diminish therefore it is said intelligent loss of gross revenues. 3. Make you believe Jim Sinegal has been an effectual Chief executive officer? What grades would you give him in taking the procedure of crafting and put to deathing Costco’s scheme? What support can you offer for these classs? Refer to calculate 2. 1 in Chapter in developing your replies. Jim Sinegal is an effectual Chief executive officer after gone through the instance survey. There are assorted grounds which show that Mr. Jim Sinegal was responsible to take the way of scheme efficaciously. First. Jim Sinegal had made a transparent and good defined planned way for the Costco to follow. He was the lone individual in the company for the readying of concern theoretical account and appreciated over the growing of the scheme of the company. He had cognize how accomplishments and created an environment to offer hoarded wealth Hunt in the shops and maintain low monetary values and helps in advancing big volume of shop traffic that helped in edifice speedy turnover of stock list. He was responsible for driving the ability of the company to accomplish annual gross revenues about to $ 130 million per shop. Harmonizing to the instance survey Sinegal had performed first-class occupation in the executing of the scheme procedure at Costco. He performed three maps in the company as manufacturer. knowing critic and manager. He went to shops for probe for look intoing out the public presentation of shop directors and asked assorted inquiries from them. about the public presentation of shops and told them to make more work on their weak countries. In this instance. when Sinegal found replies to his inquiries less than expected than he told shop directors to make more research and come back with sufficient information. 4. What nucleus values or concern rule has Jim Sinegal stressed at Costco? The chief concern rule activity of Costco is to supply high value to users by offering planetary and local ticket merchandises at low monetary values. besides it integrates its employees in a really nicely manner. Jim Sinegal wanted to state that these two principal activities reflected in working environment of Costco which makes them profitable throughout the universe as compared to other conventional jobbers and merchants. 5. ( in the event you have covered Chapter 3 ) What is competition like in the North America sweeping nine industry? Which of the five competitory forces is strongest and why? Use the information in Figures 3. 4. 3. 5. 3. 6. 3. 7. and 3. 8 ( and the related treatments in Chapter 3 ) to make a complete five-forces analysis of competition in the North American wholesale nine industry. The sweeping nine industry has evolved into a common oligopoly merely as other major industries have. The â€Å"big three† of this industry are Costco. Sam’s Club. and BJ’s. A five forces analysis will be examined in respects to the sweeping nine industry. Force one. barriers to entry ; the three companies are at an advantage because of the trouble of new houses come ining the industry. They accomplish economic systems of graduated table and range due to the size and volume of their gross revenues by purchasing and selling more goods on a larger graduated table with lower costs. It would take a considerable sum of clip for a new entrant to accomplish the benefits of economic systems of graduated table. The capital demands are big due to the building of edif ices and acquisition of land and licences. Merely companies with an established distribution web would hold a just opportunity of come ining the industry. Force two. the menace of replacements. is non a factor because the service they offer is non offered by other outside rivals. Force three. the dickering power of purchasers. is the strongest force working in the favour of the industry. This is so because purchasers can non negociate the monetary value. The chief ground clients come to sweeping nines is they are attracted by the already low monetary values and value of purchasing in majority. Force four. the dickering power of providers could come into drama if a more favourable chance nowadayss itself in the general retail industry. Sweeping nine offer merely a per centum of the merchandises that a general retail merchant does. A cardinal scheme of Costco is aimed forthrightly at selling high-grade ware at monetary values systematically below what other jobbers or retail merchants charge. Force fifth. competition among bing participants. is non a major factor. Costco. the runaway leader soon. offers the â€Å"treasure hunt† trades where extreme deals are offered for short. unheralded periods of clip. This creates bombilation amongst clients by luring them to return on a consistent footing to research what â€Å"treasures† are available. BJ’s sets itself apart by being the lone nine among the three to accept manufacturer’s vouchers. They besides are the lone nine to accept all four major recognition cards. MasterCard. Visa. Discover. and American Express. at all locations. They besides offer a broader mixture of points as compared to Sam’s and Costco. 6. Base on the information in instance Exhibits 1 and 4. is Costco’s fiscal public presentation higher-up to that at Sam’s Club and BJ’s wholesale? 7. Does the information in instance Exhibit Exhibit 2 indicate that Costco’s enlargement outside the U. S. is financially successful? Why or why non? 8. How good is Costco executing from a strategic position? Does Costco bask a competitory advantage over Sam’s Club? Over BJ’S Whole sale? If so. what is the nature of its competitory advantage? Does Costco hold a winning scheme? Why or why non? Costco has been playing really successful in the wholesaling industry as it can be seen from its concern schemes. First of all. for the intent of back uping the Costco’s concern theoretical account of bring forthing high gross revenues volumes and rapid stock list turnover. Costco members are given a limited choice of nationally branded and choice private label merchandises in a broad scope of ware classs. Then Costco unite its rapid stock list turnover with the operating efficiencies to run the concern productively at important lower gross borders than traditional wholesales. mass merchants. supermarkets and supercenters. As a consequence. Costco takes advantages of its high gross revenues volume and rapid stock list turnover to obtain the benefits of early payment price reductions from ware sellers due to the high gross revenues volume and rapid stock list turnover allow Costco to bring forth adequate hard currency in history. Second. the pricing scheme of Costco is cardinal factors to back up the low monetary value concern scheme which is to crest the borders on branded name ware at 14 per centum so that its members can purchase with low monetary value. Third. Costco focal point to offer limited choice that is about 4000 points with fast merchandising theoretical accounts. sizes and colourss. and aim the little concerns for its commercial and professional theoretical accounts selling. Furthermore. advertisement and gross revenues runs are non being used often by Costco for the selling scheme and the company merely launches runs for new warehouse gaps. In add-on. Costco besides use direct mail to prospective new members on occasion and direct mail plans advancing selected ware to members on a regular basis. Opening more new warehouses. constructing an of all time larger and ferociously loyal rank base and using good executed trading techniques to promote members to shopping more often with large trip are the chief cardinal growing scheme of Costco. Furthermore. online shopping is another option that Costco offered to members so as to do their shopping more convenient instead than exchange to rivals. In add-on. Majority of ware is owned by Costco. and the company besides builds direct purchasing relationships with many manufacturers of national trade name name ware and makers and this consequence in the available of flexible options of providers for Costco in anytime to hold sufficient of stocked ware. Besides. Costco’s rank base and member demographics contains powerful purchasing ability as it chiefly aim the single clients with minimal income of $ 75000 and 30 per centum of the targeted clients earn more than $ 100000 yearly. For the intent of put to deathing Costco’s scheme successfully. the company offer semiannual fillips and full spectrum of benefits for its employees. More of import. the advancing chances will see the insiders foremost based on the company policy. Other factors that determine the success of Costco besides include the concern doctrine. values and codification of moralss such as obey the jurisprudence and governmental ordinances. take of members. take of employees. regard providers and concern spouses. and honor the stockholders. Costco is crushing both Sam’s Club and BJ’s sweeping in net gross revenues and market portion. However. Sam’s Club has launched an aggressive run to increase its market portion. 9. Are Costco’s monetary values excessively low? Why or why non? Yes. because the gross net income border falls into the normal scope for this industry. However. it should be swerving upward and as you can see it is really diminishing somewhat. If this tendency continues. stairss will necessitate to be taken to rectify the job. Another chance index. return on shareholder equity indicates that the company has a job. Average returns are about 12 % . which Costco was approaching in 2004 and 2005. In2006. the company experienced a crisp diminution which is doing for concern. Investigate this diminution. It could be due to low net incomes after revenue enhancements. If the pricing is excessively low. this can go on. Currently. Sinegal. true. attempts to sell merchandises at the lowest monetary value possible for length of service. However. if the investors in the house are non doing appropriate returns for the hazard. they will put elsewhere. The current ratio figure is in the mean scope but on the diminution. The debt to equity shows a strong balance sheet and low degrees of debt. It is swerving downward. The stock list turnover rate is somewhat higher than norm. bespeaking that Costco is surpassing rivals in traveling merchandise. Besides cause for concern is the fact that the on the job capital is shriveling. This might bespeak the inability to spread out without a loan. 10. What do you believe of Costco’s compensation patterns? Does it surprise you that Costco employees seemingly are instead well-compensated? Costco’s compensation and benefits are higher than those at walmart. Salaried employees in Costco warehouses could gain anyplace from $ 30000 to $ 125000 anually. Costco employees enjoyed a benefit bundle that included the undermentioned points. Health and dental attention programs. A dependent attention reimbursement program.Confidential professional guidance services.Company paid long term disablement coverage equal to 60 % . of gaining for workers that were out for more than 180 yearss on a non-worker’s compensationleave of absence. Generous life insurance and inadvertent decease and taking apart coverage. An employee stock purchase program. 11. What recommendations would you do to Costco top direction sing how best to prolong the company’s growing and better its fiscal public presentation? Costco is a company that have some unfavorable judgment. such as people has to wait for a long clip to pay their merchandises. However costco Department of Energy non hold large jobs that urgently need to be fixed. So it should stand in the same class utilizing the present scheme. I think Costco has the capacity to go on puting in new shops and turn gross revenues. It can besides spread out gross revenues by presenting new merchandises line. like furniture. The company has the fiscal resources to maintain turning its concern and open more warehouse locations

International marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International marketing - Essay Example The concept of marketing arose from the recognized need of a business to relate to the potential consumers they were targeting and develop a line of communication that will enable them to relay any messages to the public (Kotler & Keller, 2006). The practice of marketing also served to create new inroads in freshly established regions that allows for the opportunity to develop a consumer base. Marketing strategies come into play when a company is implementing their method of marketing and consists of the particular pathways that will be chosen by an organization aiming to achieve this objective (Laermer & Simmons, 2007). The marketing strategies that are developed will be determined by the type of business the organization is involved in as well as the specific objectives that they wish to achieve. A business may choose to focus on a particular objective that they feel is essential to the strengthening of their business and this in turn will determine the particular methods that are put into application (Kotler & Keller, 2006). ... In this particular case scenario the market environment will be placed in the South African region as this is the area where the business wishes to set up their operations (Kotler & Keller, 2006). The environment can be categorized into two factors when attempting to decipher the various issues that affects the dental market the practice is hoping to penetrate. These categories are internal and external factors: Internal Factors This refers to the factors within the business that will affect the marketing strategies that may be implemented by the practice. They include: Size of the practice – The size of the business will directly affect the level of marketing they are able to undertake as well as the methods that will be implemented in relation to the business’ financial capabilities (Laermer & Simmons, 2007). The size of the business may also refer to the intended extent the practice plans on growing their South African business, a moderate establishment would not req uire as much marketing as an intended National brand would. Organizational Structure – The manner in which the company is structured and established means of operations will determining the marketing strategy that will be implemented with regard to the decision makers. The marketing activities may be controlled by the London based department which may mean that the South African strategies will have to have originated from headquarters before the business is able to act on them. It is advisable that individuals who are based within the region be in charge of the marketing operations as this is the group that has the clearest perspective of what they are dealing with and the steps that need

Reading Journals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Reading Journals - Essay Example In addition to that one magazine called To The Bride, about a hundred another different texts written in the postwar period are analyzed by Neuhaus in order to develop an understanding of the ideology behind female gender norms popular in those years. It dawned on the author that most of those texts targeted newly wed women thus getting them familiar with the path men wished the women to follow for the rest of their lives and which stretched from their kitchens to catering to their husband’s needs. The article interestingly reveals how marital concepts during the 1950s set in contrast with the present ideologies by identifying that a woman was only eligible to get married if she knew how to make the best steak or pie for her husband to be. In this way the author aims to convey to the public how stereotypical gender roles were promoted during the 1950s through cookbooks that young girls were encouraged and even pushed to act out. One question regarding this article that I would like to be discussed in the class is about how women’s dependence on men in the 1950s could be demonstrated by the fact that men claimed themselves as meat consumers and women as meal